Since World War II the development was considered a state activity. Due to this the role and function of government had witnessed an unprecedented increase in both developed and developing countries. The reverse trend is observed after 1980s in the developed world. The globalization of neo liberal economic formula as a model of development drive the economies towards a market-driven, private sector led 'development' which emphasized on the rolling back of the state. This shrinking of state affected the size and spending of the public sector. The New Right of Britain and America and the 'structural adjustment' policy of the World Bank directed the process of economical integration of world economy which sparked the wave of economic reforms that swept through the public sector after 1990s.
In the present situation the role of the state vis-a-vis the market is changed. Government and thus State now a days have lost a position of sovereignty which it enjoyed earlier. Increase in global interdependence in terms of international economic and financial relationships, and international institutional collaboration affected the capabilities of the governments to decide exclusively on the national affairs. National economic resources and political decisions have got global overtones. At the same time new issues of governance erupted with unprecedented intensity, like environmental management, ethnic minorities, tribal development, child labor, gender equality, social equality, human rights which increased the pressures over the present day governments.
"Thus the contradictory forces of globalization and liberalization on the one hand and the search of communitarian, egalitarian, ecofriendly, humanistic civilization on the other have thrown up challenging agenda items before public management today."
| Check your progress 1. Since World War II functions of governments have been increased. True/False 2. Neo liberal economic theory advocate (select odd man out) a. free market b. Development of private sector c. shrinking of state d. State control of market |
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